Pack/Unpack/Compress/Uncompress
file type | Pack/Compress | Unpack/Uncompress |
---|---|---|
.tar | tar cvf FileName.tar DirName | tar xvf FileName.tar |
.gz | gzip FileName | gunzip FileName.gz |
.gz | gzip FileName | gzip -d FileName.gz |
.tar.gz, .tgz | tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName | tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz |
.bz2 | bzip2 -z FileName | bzip2 -d FileName.bz2 |
.bz2 | bunzip2 FileName.bz2 | |
.tar.bz2 | tar jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 DirName | tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz2 |
.bz | bzip2 -d FileName.bz | |
.bz | bunzip2 FileName.bz | |
.tar.bz | tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz | |
.Z | compress FileName | uncompress FileName.Z |
.tar.Z | tar Zcvf FileName.tar.Z DirName | tar Zxvf FileName.tar.Z |
.zip | zip FileName.zip DirName | unzip FileName.zip |
.zip | zip -r target.zip dir1 dir2 dir3 | unzip FileName.zip -d targetFolder |
.rar | rar a FileName.rar DirName | rar x FileName.rar |
.lha | lha -a FileName.lha FileName | lha -e FileName.lha |
.rpm | rpm2cpio FileName.rpm | cpio -div | |
.deb | ar x example.deb | |
.deb | ar p FileName.deb data.tar.gz | tar zx | |
.deb | dpkg -x somepackage.deb ~/temp/ | |
.xz | xz -d myfiles.tar.xz | |
.xz | tar -xf myfiles.tar | |
.xz | tar -Jxf myfiles.tar.xz | |
.7z | 7za a myfiles.7z myfiles/ | 7za x myfiles.7z |
For compress/uncompress those files:
.tar .tgz .tar.gz .tar.Z .tar.bz .tar.bz2 .zip .cpio .rpm .deb .slp .arj .rar .ace .lha .lzh .lzx .lzs .arc .sda .sfx .lnx .zoo .cab .kar .cpt .pit .sit .sea
compress: sEx a FileName.* FileName
uncompress: sEx x FileName.*
Wiew a detailed table of contents for an archive
file type | view contents cmd |
---|---|
.tar.gz | tar -tvf my-data.tar.gz |
Print info
task | command |
---|---|
Print system info | cat /proc/version |
Print software info | whereis SOFEWARE |
which SOFEWARE | |
locate SOFEWARE | |
Print CPU info | cat /proc/cpuinfo |
dmesg | grep -i xeon | |
Print memory info | cat /proc/meminfo |
free -m | |
Print pid info | ps aux | grep ‘target_pid’ |
Print graphics card version | nvcc –version |
Print graphics card GPU info | nvidia-smi |
Print disk free space | df -h |
df -hl | |
Print current folder size | du -sh DIRNAME |
Print target folder volume | du -sh |
Print target folder volume (in MB) | du -sm |
Prints one entry per line of output (bare format) | ls -1a |
CuDNN Version Check:
cat /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h | grep CUDNN_MAJOR -A 2
Print lines 20 to 40:
sed -n '20,40p' file_name
or:
sed -n '20,40p;41q' file_name
or:
awk 'FNR>=20 && FNR<=40' file_name
To print range with other specific line (5 - 8 & 10):
$ sed -n -e 5,8p -e 10p file
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 10
Download
Download file:
wget "http://domain.com/directory/4?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=file.tgz"
Download file to specific directory:
wget -O /home/omio/Desktop/ "http://thecanadiantestbox.x10.mx/CC.zip"
Download all files from a folder on a website or FTP:
wget -r --no-parent --reject "index.html*" http://vision.cs.utexas.edu/voc/
Transfer Files
Remote transfer files, remote -> local:
scp account@111.111.111.111:/path/to/remote/file /path/to/local/
Remote transfer files, local -> remote:
scp /path/to/local/file account@111.111.111.111:/path/to/remote/
Print directory structure:
ls -l -R
Print folder in current directory:
ls -lF |grep /
ls -l |grep '^d'
Print history command:
history
history | less
Rename
Perl-based rename commands (-n: test commands; -v: print renamed files):
rename -n 's/\.htm$/\.html/' \*.htm
rename -v 's/\.htm$/\.html/' \*.htm
1. Replace first letter of all files’ name with ‘q’:
for i in `ls`; do mv -f $i `echo $i | sed 's/^./q/'`; done
same with a bash script:
for file in `ls`
do
newfile =`echo $i | sed 's/^./q/'`
mv $file $newfile
done
2. Replace first 5 letters with ‘abcde’
for i in `ls`; do mv -f $i `echo $i | sed 's/^...../abcde/'`;
3. Replace last 5 letters with ‘abcde’
for i in `ls`; do mv -f $i `echo $i | sed 's/.....$/abcde/'`;
4. Add ‘abcde’ to the front
for i in `ls`; do mv -f $i `echo "abcde"$i`; done
5. Convert all lower case to upper case
for i in `ls`; do mv -f $i `echo $i | tr a-z A-Z`; done
Count
Count lines in a document
wc -l /dir/file.txt
cat /dir/file.txt | wc -l
Filter and count only lines with pattern, or with -v to invert match
grep -w "pattern" -c file
grep -w "pattern" -c -v file
Count files in the current directory:
ls -l | grep “^-” | wc -l
example: counting all js files in directory “/home/account/” (recursively):
ls -lR /home/account | grep js | wc -l
ls -l "/home/account" | grep "js" | wc -l
Count files in the current directory, recursively:
ls -lR | grep “^-” | wc -l
Count folders in the current directory, recursively:
ls -lR | grep “^d” | wc -l
Search
Search for a file by its file name
The command below will search for the query in the current directory and any subdirectories. Using -iname instead of -name ignores the case of your query. The -name command is case-sensitive.
find -iname "filename"
Finding all files containing a text string
grep -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
grep --include=\*.{c,h} -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
grep --exclude=*.o -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
grep --exclude-dir={dir1,dir2,*.dst} -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"
- -r or -R is recursive,
- -n is line number, and
- -w stands match the whole word.
- -l (lower-case L) can be added to just give the file name of matching files.
- Along with these, –exclude or –include parameter could be used for efficient searching.
Finding all files containing a text string on Linux
- stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16956810/finding-all-files-containing-a-text-string-on-linux
Count occurrences of a char(e.g, ‘aaa’) in plain text file
fgrep -o 'aaa' <file> | wc -l
references
How to Find a File in Linux
http://www.wikihow.com/Find-a-File-in-Linux
How to find files in Linux using ‘find’
http://www.codecoffee.com/tipsforlinux/articles/21.html
35 Practical Examples of Linux Find Command
http://www.tecmint.com/35-practical-examples-of-linux-find-command/
How to use grep to search for strings in files on the shell
https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/linux-grep-command/
Find All Files of a Particular Size
find /home/ -type f -size +512k -exec ls -lh {} \;
As units you can use:
b – for 512-byte blocks (this is the default if no suffix is used)
c – for bytes
w – for two-byte words
k – for Kilobytes (units of 1024 bytes)
M – for Megabytes (units of 1048576 bytes)
G – for Gigabytes (units of 1073741824 bytes)
ref: http://www.ducea.com/2008/02/12/linux-tips-find-all-files-of-a-particular-size/
GDB
GDB reference card
https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs107/gdb_refcard.pdf
GDB Tutorial: A Walkthrough with Examples
GNU GDB Debugger Command Cheat Sheet
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GDB-Commands.html
Cheat Sheet:
shortcut | command | explanation |
---|---|---|
q | quit | |
h | help | |
h command | help command | print command meaning |
b | break | example: b 5 |
disable codenum | ||
enable codenum | ||
condition codenum xxx | set break condition | |
c | continue | |
n | next | |
s | step | |
w | print code in current execution point | |
j codenum | jump to line j | |
l | list nearby code | |
p | print var value | |
a | print current func/var value | |
Enter | repeat last command |
gdb --arg python demo.py 2>&1 | tee demo.log
pdb
import pdb
pdb.set_trace()
exit pdb and allow program to continue
-
To remove the breakpoint (if inserted it manually):
(Pdb) break Num Type Disp Enb Where 1 breakpoint keep yes at /path/to/test.py:5 (Pdb) clear 1 Deleted breakpoint 1 (Pdb) continue
-
if you’re using pdb.set_trace(), you can try this (although if you’re using pdb in more fancy ways, this may break things…)
(Pdb) pdb.set_trace = lambda: None # This replaces the set_trace() function! (Pdb) continue # No more breaks!
Ctags
command | explanation |
---|---|
ctags –R * | Generate tags files in source code root directory |
vim -t func/var | find func/var definition |
:ts | give a list if func/var has multiple definitions |
Ctrl+] | jump to definition |
Ctrl+T | jump back |
screen
task | command |
---|---|
Run program in screen mode | screen python demo.py –gpu 1 |
Detach screen | Ctrl + a, c |
Detach screen | Ctrl + a, d |
Re-connect screen | screen -r pid |
Display all screens | screen -ls |
Delete screen | kill pid |
Naming a screen | screen -S sessionName |
nohup
nohup command-with-options &
nohup xxx.sh 1 > log.txt 2>&1 &
nohup - get the process ID to kill a nohup process
nohup command-with-options &
echo $! > save_pid.txt
kill -9 `cat save_pid.txt`
cscope
task | command |
---|---|
Generate Cscope database | find . -name “.c” -o -name “.cc” -o -name “.cpp” -o -name “.cu” -o -name “.h” -o -name “.hpp” -o -name “.py” -o -name “.proto” > cscope.files |
Build a Cscope reference database | cscope -q -R -b -i cscope.files |
Start the Cscope browser | cscope -d |
Exit a Cscope browser | Ctrl + d |
Cheat Sheet
-b Build the cross-reference only.
-C Ignore letter case when searching.
-c Use only ASCII characters in the cross-ref file (don’t compress).
-d Do not update the cross-reference.
-e Suppress the -e command prompt between files.
-F symfile Read symbol reference lines from symfile.
-f reffile Use reffile as cross-ref file name instead of cscope.out.
-h This help screen.
-I incdir Look in incdir for any #include files.
-i namefile Browse through files listed in namefile, instead of cscope.files
-k Kernel Mode – don’t use /usr/include for #include files.
-L Do a single search with line-oriented output.
-l Line-oriented interface.
-num pattern Go to input field num (counting from 0) and find pattern.
-P path Prepend path to relative file names in pre-built cross-ref file.
-p n Display the last n file path components.
-q Build an inverted index for quick symbol searching.
-R Recurse directories for files.
-s dir Look in dir for additional source files.
-T Use only the first eight characters to match against C symbols.
-U Check file time stamps.
-u Unconditionally build the cross-reference file.
-v Be more verbose in line mode.
-V Print the version number.
Vim
Shifting blocks visually
http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Shifting_blocks_visually
mode | task | command |
---|---|---|
normal mode | indent the current line | type >> |
normal mode | unindent the current line | type << |
insert mode | indent the current line | Ctrl-T |
insert mode | unindent the current line | Ctrl-D |
For all commands, pressing . repeats the operation.
For example, typing 5».. shifts five lines to the right, and then repeats the operation twice so that the five lines are shifted three times.
Insert current file name:
:r! echo %
Insert characters at specific lines head
:80,90s/^/#/
Switch windows
gt
Fold code block under spf-13 Vim
za
Matlab
Comment multi-lines in Matlab: Ctrl+R, Ctrl+T
Launch Matlab:
cd /usr/local/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/matlab Matlab
gedit ~/.bashrc
alias matlab="/usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/matlab"
Start MATLAB Without Desktop:
matlab -nojvm -nodisplay -nosplash
Matlab + nohup:
runGenerareSSProposals.sh:
#!/bin/sh
cd /path/to/detection-proposals
matlab -nojvm -nodisplay -nosplash -r "startup; callRunCOCO; exit"
runNohup.sh:
time=`date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S`
cd /path/to/detection-proposals
nohup ./runGenerareSSProposals.sh > runGenerareSSProposals_${time}.log 2>&1 &
echo $! > save_runGenerareSSProposals_val_pid.txt
Others
Hotkeys to speed up Linux CLI navigation:
hotkey | |
---|---|
Ctrl + a | go to the start of the command line |
Ctrl + e | go to the end of the command line |
Ctrl + k | delete from cursor to the end of the command line |
Ctrl + u | delete from cursor to the start of the command line |
Ctrl + w | delete from cursor to start of word (i.e. delete backwards one word) |
Ctrl + y | paste word or text that was cut using one of the deletion shortcuts (such as the one above) after the cursor |
Ctrl + xx | move between start of command line and current cursor position (and back again) |
Alt + b | move backward one word (or go to start of word the cursor is currently on) |
Alt + f | move forward one word (or go to end of word the cursor is currently on) |
Alt + d | delete to end of word starting at cursor (whole word if cursor is at the beginning of word) |
Alt + c | capitalize to end of word starting at cursor (whole word if cursor is at the beginning of word) |
Alt + u | make uppercase from cursor to end of word |
Alt + l | make lowercase from cursor to end of word |
Alt + t | swap current word with previous |
Ctrl + f | move forward one character |
Ctrl + b | move backward one character |
Ctrl + d | delete character under the cursor |
Ctrl + h | delete character before the cursor |
Ctrl + t | swap character under cursor with the previous one |
Launch terminal in Ubuntu: Ctrl+Alt+T
Create symbol link:
ln -s EXISTING_FILE SYMLINK_FILE
ln -s /path/to/file /path/to/symlink
Open image:
eog /path/to/image/im.jpg
display /path/to/image/im.jpg
Convert text files with DOS or MAC line breaks to Unix line breaks:
sudo dos2unix /path/to/file
or:
sed -i 's/\r//' /path/to/file
sudo sed -i -e 's/\r$//' /path/to/file
Create new file list:
sed 's?^?'`pwd`'/detection_images/?; s?$?.jpg?' trainval.txt > voc.2007trainval.list
Merge two files consistently line by line
paste -d " " file1.txt file2.txt
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16394176/how-to-merge-two-files-consistently-line-by-line
shuffle file lines
shuf file.list > file_shuffled.list
Combine multiple files into one file
cat file1 file2 file3 .... >> merged_file
Show all hidden characters:
cat -A filename
Get recursive full-path listing
find /path/to/folder
want files only (omit directories, devices, etc):
find /path/to/folder -type f
Remove specific file types
rm `find -type f /path/to/dir/ | grep "filetype"`
rm `find -type f /path/to/dir/ | grep -E "filetype1 | filetype2"`
Zip multiple files/folers to one named zip file
zip -r target.zip file1 file2 folder1 folder2
Remove Windows format line breaks
sed -i 's/^M$//g'
Note:
^M = Ctrl+v,Ctrl+m
Replace tab characters with spaces
sed -i 's/^I//g'
Note:
^I = Ctrl+v,Ctrl+I
Remove duplicate text lines
sort {file-name} | uniq -u
Remove duplicate text lines and only keep one line
perl -lne '$seen{$_}++ and next or print;' data.txt > output.txt
Exit a shell if some commands do not execute correctly
./do_something.sh || exit 1